PDF General Characteristics of Water Physical and Chemical Properties of Seawater Problem #1 Using the graph in Figure 1 (background information), determine the densities of three seawater masses: water mass A with a salinity of 35 (ppt) and a temperature of 15°C, water mass B with a salinity of 35 and a temperature of 10°C, and water mass C with a salinity of 34 and a temperature of 20°C. Seawater is the most abundant resource on Earth! Because of salinity and temperature, PDF Physical and Chemical Properties august 31, 2011. outline: molecular structure of water thermal 3.69% Chloride 7.8% Calcium 1.16% Sodium 6.3% Potassium 1.10% 0.1 ppt vs. 34.7 ppt Traditional Definition of Salinity Knudsen (1902) - Salinity defined as the weight in grams of all dissolved constituents (inorganic) in one kilogram of seawater. Seawater Intake & Brine Outfall Systems - EPCM Holdings PDF www.milwaukeeinst.com INSTRUCTION MANUAL New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Units (PSU), Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt), or Specific Gravity (S.G. (20/20)). Properties of matter can be physical or chemical. 8(p) Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Seawater Freshwater has a maximum density of 1.00g/cm3 Salts add to the mass of water which increases its density with salinity. These properties include solubility, density, melting and boiling points, thermal stability, magnetic properties and… Water is not considered pure unless it has been distilled. These properties are also calcu- . This chapter presents the definitions of the principal physical properties of the seawater, including pressure, temperature, salinity , density, density anomaly, specific heat, and thermal. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 997d1-ZDY1M Digital Refractometer for Seawater Analysis - HI96822 PDF Physical properties of sea water ppt PDF Physical and Chemical Properties of the Ocean Reading (PDF) Physical & Chemical Properties of water | magendira ... Seawater can be thought of as a solution. Physical and Chemical Properties of Seawater by vivian huynh Use the PowerPoint for Lesson 7 (File: Lesson 7 - Ocean Layers II.ppt) to present the . The chapter discusses molecular properties of water, and thermal properties of seawater. We need water for different purposes. Due to its huge volume and thickness, it has certain unique characteristics in the distribut ion of temperature, pressure and. Water is one of only 3 naturally occurring liquids (mercury and ammonia) Only substance occurring naturally that exists in all 3 states - solid , liquid, and gas - on Earth's surface Extremely large liquid range (0 o C - 100 o C). Panel of Oceanographic Tables and Standards. Example 12.4 (2) SolutionOur first step is to calculate the mass of water in 1 L of the solution, using density as a conversion factor.The total mass of 1 L of a 2.45 M solution of methanol is. Rapid mixing and long residence times explain constant composition of sea water.Residence time. UNESCO - EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERS TYPES AND PROPERTIES OF WATER - Vol. 1 L soln×1000 mL soln1 L soln×0.976 g1 mL soln=976 g. Because this solution contains 2.45 moles of methanol, the amount of water (solvent) in the solution is This 1.the potential density stratication (layered structure) of seawater is controlled by temperature and salinity. Seawater is a complex mixture of 96.5 percent water, 2.5 percent salts, and smaller amounts of other substances, including dissolved inorganic and organic materials, particulates, and a few atmospheric gases. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER. An older salinity scale is ppt (10-3), where salinity is defined by "the salt content is the weight of the inorganic salts contained in 1 kg of seawater if all bromide and iodide are replaced by an equivalent amount of oxides" (Knudsen, 1901). In fact, seawater cannot be duplicated in any laboratory. The density meter produced salinity values of 34.75 ppt ± 1.403, with an RSD% of 4.038. Examples of physical properties are: color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, infra-red spectrum, attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets, opacity, viscosity and density.There are many more examples. March 2009- Notes - Physical Properties of Seawater. Density in particular is an important property in ocean science because small spatial changes in density result in spatial variations in pressure at a . Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Seawater. Cold water is more dense than warm water. the physical properties of seawater to be different from those of freshwater. Image C by Joanna Philippoff The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of seawater, or 35 ppt. These conversions are based on respected scientific publications using the physical properties of seawater (not sodium chloride). exhibit chemical and physical properties that make certain ocean zones suitable or unsuit-able places for different species to live. Seawater has evolved to what it is over the billions of years that oceans have existed on Earth. Chen S F, Chan R C, Read S M and Bromley L A (1973) Viscosity of seawater solutions. Start studying Properties of Seawater and Ocean Acidification, Marine Bio Benchmark (TEST QUESTIONS). 2. The freezing point of sea water depends on its salinity content (increase in salinity, decrease in freezing point) The maximum density of sea water occurs at its freezing . Michael Anissimov Seawater contains salt that is almost identical to table salt. . (ppt) But some complications: Must replace all the Br and I by the equivalent amount of Cl, convert . The physical and chemical properties of seawater vary according to latitude, depth, nearness to land, and input of fresh water. Physical properties of seawater: - The waters of the seas and oceans have formed over millions of years. Transcribed image text: Part 1. This chapter examines the physical and chemical properties of water and seawater. I - Types and Properties of Water - M. G. Khublaryan 577,000 km3 per year (a mean water layer of 1.13 m over the Earth); it consumes on average 88 W/m2 of heat, which amounts to more than a third of the solar energy supply of the Earth. Why is salinity important? Seawater has its own physical, chemical and b iological properties. Through the operation of the water circulation on the Earth, the entire The digital refractometer eliminates the uncertainty associated with mechanical refractometers . Seawater is a mixture of various salts and water. Fig. Salinity records the physical processes affecting a water mass when it was . Freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams contain some dissolved matter—1 ppt or less (Fig. What phenomena do physical oceanographers study? Another physical property of ocean water to consider is its density, which is the relative weight of water with a constant volume. Physical Properties of Sea Water. Seawater has its own physical, chemical and biological properties. The temperature (in °C or °F) is also displayed on the large dual level display along with helpful message codes. 2.12 A). The Nature of Pure Water . Daubert T E and Damner R P (1989) Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals. 12 and 13 for 2 A. Conductivities of seawater correspond to Skagen area (seawater temperature of approximately 7 C) and Bothnian Bay in April (seawater temperature of approximately 0.5 C). • In fact seawater cannot be duplicated in any lab. Salinity, Temperature and Density • The saltier the water the denser it is Before EPD, the titanium plates were treated by either sandblasting . The physical properties of seawater also strongly influences the behaviour of heat and light in the ocean. Physical Properties of Seawater: • The waters of the seas and oceans has formed over millions of years. During your . the physical properties of seawater{temperature, salinity, pressure, density, and related quantities such as potential density, heat capacity, sound speed, and others{are of fundamental importance to physical oceanography. Sea salts are left behind) (e.g. Using the same equation of state, the salinity was determined from the readings recorded by the density meter. Seawater, water that makes up the oceans and seas, covering more than 70 percent of Earth's surface. The HI96822 is an easy to use tool for measuring salinity in natural and artificial seawater whether in the field, lab or at . Approximately 3.5 percent of seawater is composed of dissolved compounds, while the other 96.5 percent is pure water. MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF WATER Many of the unique characteristics of the ocean can be ascribed to the nature of water itself. (2011): Chapter 3, S16 Pond and Pickard (1983): Chapter 5 Pressure (p) Pressure is the normal force per unit area exerted by water (or air in the atmosphere) on either side of the unit area. • 35 ppt (parts per thousand) • Red Sea 40 ppt • Baltic Sea 7 ppt (from river runoff) How do physical properties of water effect its density? Some physical properties of water consistently come up on the Bowl. Salinity and Density Temperature also affects density. Seawater intake & outfall systems are used across the world, to draw in seawater and dispersion of brine, for desalination and power plants - producing potable water for drinking and as a source for cooling and steam to aid onshore processes. The mean salinity of the ocean is 35 parts per thousand (ppt), or physically, 35 g salt/1000 g water . Note that measuring each of these properties will not alter the basic nature of the substance. The physical and chemical properties of seawater vary according to latitude, depth, nearness to land, and input of fresh water. March 2009- Notes - Physical Properties of Seawater. Salinity2010.ppt Author: Chris Measures Talley et al. All conversion algorithms are based upon respected scientific publications using the physical properties of seawater (not sodium chloride). Author: McGonigle, Jennifer Created Date: 11/13/2017 11:30:08 Title: PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: McGonigle, Jennifer Company: Cinnaminson Township Public Schools . 2.temperature … MHRD NME-ICT Due to its huge volume and thickness, it has certain unique characteristics in the distribution of temperature, pressure and density. the characteristic physical properties of seawater to measure-ments of its temperature, as a proxy for the heat content, and . The salinity of seawater (usually 3.5 %) is made up by all dissolved salts and other solids due to the chemical weathering of rocks and hydrothermal vents along . The more saline, the denser the seawater. Know the types of materials that are dissolved in sea water, their importance and how they vary with time. 2. Total dissolved solids (called "salinity") About 3.5% by weight (average seawater) Usually expressed as 35 0/00 (parts per thousand, ppt) Varies geographically according to Evaporation, Precipitation, and Rivers The Most Abundant Ions Chloride (Cl-) 19.0 g/kg Sodium (Na+) 10.6 " Sulfate (SO42-) 2.6 " Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.2 " Calcium . The user may select from a number of physical properties of interest including, salinity, expressed in Practical Salinity Units (PSU), specific gravity and density at a number of reference temperatures, sigma-t, conductivity, freezing points, and chlorinity. This is the complex nature of water. as well as the more familiar physical properties like density and sound speed. Consisting of two positively charged hydrogen ions and a single negatively charged oxygen ion, water is arranged as a polar mole-cule having positive and negative sides. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Identify an appropriate separation technique to separate a mixture based on the physical properties of the components of the mixture. To determine the physical parameters such as turbidity, pH, and conductance of a water sample. If you believe that its taste is due to dissolved salt, you are correct, and this is what makes the water of the oceans different from the water of lakes and rivers. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 4ab64b-M2U0Z . London: Unwin Hyman. The salinity of seawater (usually 3.5 %) is made up by all dissolved salts and other solids due to the chemical weathering of rocks and hydrothermal vents along . 3. This 10. 3.6: Five Critical Properties of Water 1. Topics covered include the physical properties of seawater, heat and salt budgets, instrumentation, data analysis methods, introductory dynamics, oceanography and climate variability of each of the oceans and of the global ocean, and . It's goal is to understand the processes (and their significance) at all time and space scales, to simulate these processes, and to make predictions if possible. How Unique is Water? The Milwaukee MA887 is an optical instrument that employs the measurement of the refractive index to determine the salinity of natural and artificial seawater, ocean water or brackish intermediates. Fig. This water was released from the lithosphere as the Earth's crust solidified. surface and internal waves, air-sea exchanges, turbulence . Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean. Some Physical Properties of Sea Water : 2: Rotation 101: Some Basics : 3: Rotation 101 (cont. seawater; Salinity and the major constituents OCN 623 - Chemical Oceanography. Seawater Its Composition Properties And seawater, water that makes up the oceans and seas, covering more than 70 percent of Earth's surface. Properties of Seawater - . Seawater is a mixture of pure water and chemical compounds (slides 4-6) 1. Desalination 13, 37. CHAPTER 3 -PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER Historically ocean temperature and salinity profiles were measured by arrays of Nansen bottles, with reversing thermometers. Without water, there is no life on our planet. Explain variations in salinity, temperature, and pressure within the sea and how they alter the chemical and physical properties of the ocean. Most of the water in the ocean basins is believed to originate from the condensation of water found in the early atmosphere as the Earth cooled after its formation. Distribution of Water on Earth 97.2% in the world ocean 2.15% frozen in glaciers and ice caps Physical properties of sea water ppt . Ice and liquid water structure Temperature ≤ 0°C Temperature > 0°C < 100°C •Ice is less dense than liquid water •Water is liquid at a relatively high temperature > 0°C (Methane (CH 4) is similar in size but liquid only below -161°C) Hydrogen bond Liquid water For example, the molecular structure of seawater, like that of fresh water, favours the formation of bonds among molecules. Consisting of two positively charged hydrogen ions and a single negatively charged oxygen ion, water is arranged as a polar mole-cule having positive and negative sides. 1/ weathering of rocks (cations): 2/ outgassing from the interior of the earth (anions): The halogen and sulfur-based ions derived from outgassing of the mantle via volcanic venting. The instrument converts the refractive index of a sample to PSU, ppt and specific gravity. Physical Properties of Seawater 3.1. One of the most obvious properties of seawater is its salty taste. Addition of salt modifies physical properties of water.Freezing point Increase salt content lowers temperature to freeze. Seawater is mostly (~96.5%) water, but it contains important amounts of dissolved salts (~3.5%), which are mostly, but not all, sodium chloride, which is identical to table salt.The unique chemical properties of seawater mean that it is a drastically different living environment than fresh water, and many animals . Salinity, along with temperature, determines the density of seawater, and hence its vertical flow patterns in thermohaline circulation. Properties of Sea Water (Part 1) - 9th Maharashtra Board Geography Chapter 6 Video | Phoenix Educare9th Maharashtra State Board New Syllabus Geography Video . Physical properties also act as limiting factors in marine . (Ex.- Boiling seawater to evaporate and collect the fresh water for drinking. This chapter addresses the chemical (salinity and dissolved gases) and physical Property of pure water Pressure Temperature Salinity Density Equation of State Potential temperature Static Stability Reading:. Comparing seawater to aqueous sodium chloride • Seawater with 35,000 ppm TDS - 0.62 molal NaCl solution has the same TDS or mass fraction of dissolved salts - 0.55 molal NaCl solution has the same chemical activity 1/ weathering of rocks (cations): 2/ outgassing from the interior of the earth (anions): The halogen and sulfur-based ions derived from outgassing of the mantle via volcanic venting. Distribute the Student Handout before you begin for students to take notes on key information. with units of ppt), were being re-placed by newer techniques implemented by electronic in- • It is complex nature of water. Most of these properties vary horizontally and vertically. As the range of salt concentration in the ocean varies from about 3.2 to 3.8% it is referred to salt content as 'salinity', express salt concentration as parts per thousand; 34.9 ppt is the average salinity. Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/l, 35 ppt, 600 mM). The bottom layer will exceed the mass of the surface layer by 282 metric tons. Another important physical characteristic of seawater is its temperature. seawater | Density, Composition, Salinity, Distribution Many of the characteristics of seawater correspond to those of water in general, because of their common chemical and physical properties. I. Salinity-a measure of the dissolved salts in water-expressed in parts per thousand (/ 00) *35g/1000g seawater = 35 / 00-important in identifying water masses - water mass: a body of water with distinct properties based on where it originates-raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing point of seawater! The MA887 is an optical instrument that employs the measurement of the refractive index to determine the salinity of natural and artificial seawater, ocean water or brackish intermediates. Further Physical Properties of Sea-water.---The laws of physical chemistry relating to complex dilute solutions apply to seawater, and hence there is a definite relation between the osmotic pressure, freezing-point, vapour tension and boiling-point by which when one of these constants is given the others can be calculated. Theory: It is needless to emphasize the importance of water in our life. Seawater Intake & Brine Outfall Systems (Design of Large Scale) &. 10 and 11 for 0.5 A current and fig. In most of the ocean, temperature is the primary determinant of density. In fact, chemical and physical properties of the ocean are crucial to the survival of marine organ-isms. Physical and Chemical Properties . Physical properies like temperature and salinity directly affect the density, buoyancy and stability of seawater and consequently the motion of water in the ocean basins. Because of its enormous volume and . ): Effects of Rotation on a Sphere: f- and β-planes Earth's Gravity Field and Sea Level : 4: Ekman layers, Friction and Geostrophic Flow : 5: Wind-Driven Circulation: Stommel's Gyre and Sverdrup's Balance : 6: Stress in the Ocean : 7 Approximately 3.5 percent of seawater is composed of dissolved compounds, while the other 96.5 percent is pure water. Seawater generally ranges from 33 ppt to 38 ppt. Physical Properties of Seawater 3.1. Seawater is a complex mixture of 96.5 percent water, 2.5 percent salts, and smaller amounts of other substances, including dissolved inorganic and organic materials, particulates, and a few atmospheric . MA887 Digital Refractometer for Seawater Measurements MA887-BOX Digital Refractometer for Seawater Measurements. The physical properties of seawater include both 'thermodynamic properties' like density and freezing point, as well as 'transport properties' like the electrical conductivity and viscosity. was set to 3.4 S/m and 0.35 S/m and seabed conductivity to 0.03 S/m. The average salinity of seawater is S = 35 which means that SW is 3.5% salt and 96.5% H2O by weight. 1 ppt 1.00085 2 ppt 1.00169 3 ppt 1.00251 10 ppt 1.00818 35 ppt 1.02822 (assuming sea water ion ratios) The effect may seem small, but consider for example a lake 100M x 100M x 2M deep composed of a bottom layer of seawater (1 M) and a surface layer of fresh water. The "Weather" of the Marine Environment • Wind • Waves . lecture 1. oeas-604. MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF WATER Many of the unique characteristics of the ocean can be ascribed to the nature of water itself. The physical properties of seawater include both 'thermodynamic properties' like density and freezing point, as well as 'transport properties' like the electrical conductivity and viscosity. The digital refractometer eliminates the uncertainty associated with mechanical refractometers and is easily portable for ship, shore or home use. This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl −) ions).Average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/l. Physical oceanography is the study of the fluid motions of the ocean. Ocean water density depends mainly on its temperature and salinity. As seawater is heated, molecular activity increases and thermal expansion occurs, reducing the density. The user may select from a number of physical properties of interest including, salinity, expressed in Practical Salinity Units (PSU), specific gravity and density at a number of reference temperatures, sigma-t, conductivity, freezing points, and chlorinity. Sea water is about a 3.49% salt solution, the rest is freshwater. Physical Properties of SeawaterPhysical Properties of Seawater (…Contd) 11. Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Sixth Edition, provides an introduction to the field with an emphasis on large-scale oceanography based mainly on observations. The unit of physical oceanographydeals with the following chapters 1. Salt dissolved in ocean water alters the properties of water Freezing point of seawater is ~ -1.8˚C Density continually increases to freezing point . The salinity of seawater from the BOD method was 33.37 ppt ± 0.08737 with a relative standard deviation of 0.2618 percent. Chapter 3 Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater 14.7 psi every ATM 480 ATM at 3 miles down for 7,056 psi Acidity and Alkalinity pH measures Relative . The chemical composition of seawater reflects such processes as erosion of rock and sediments . Properties of Ocean Water. Residence timeOcean takes about 1000 y to completely mix. How Unique is Water?. Chester R (1990) Marine Geochemistry. Unformatted text preview: Physical Properties of Water Where's the Water?Reservoir Volume (106 km3) Percent Ocean Ice (polar) Groundwater Lakes Atmosphere Rivers 1370 29 5 0.1 0.01 0.001 97.3 2.1 0.4 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Physical properties Water: Is clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless * Colors, tastes and odors are caused by substances dissolved in the water. In this study, CNTs were deposited on a titanium surface via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to improve the interfacial performance of Ti/carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates. Learning Objectives: Identify and explain the principles behind a particular separation technique that is used in daily life and in industry. The total salt content of the ocean is estimated to be 1.4*10^20 g, or 1.4 sextillion grams. 2. know the types of materials that are dissolved in sea water, their importance and how they vary with time. Results are presented in fig. We need water for drinking, for industries, for irrigation, for swimming and fishing, etc. The interfacial performance between metals and resins significantly affects the mechanical properties of fiber-metal laminates. • Seawater has its own physical, chemical and biological properties. 3. explain variations in salinity, temperature, and pressure within the sea and how they alter the chemical and physical properties of the ocean. 1. A typical deep ocean cast would consist of the deployment of 20 to 30 bottles on a steel winch cable; from which temperatures with Use the PowerPoint for Lesson 6 (File: Lesson 6 - Ocean Layers I.ppt) to present the following information. Ppt Chemical And Physical Features Of Seawater And The. A physical property is a characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the . Seawater PowerPoint... < /a > properties of seawater is ~ -1.8˚C density continually increases Freezing! 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